![]() ![]() Published by Oxford University Press, Inc., and used with the gracious consent of Oxford University Press. Burchfield notes, also, that "proven" scarcely exists in England, but in American English, "proven" is used almost as frequently as "proved."įrom Garner's Modern American Usageby Bryan Garner. Am I correct in my thinking? Thank you for your help.Īccording to Bryan Garner (who wrote a legal dictionary before he wrote his dictionary of American usage, "proved" is the preferred past participle of "prove." But then he notes that the set phrase "innocent until proven guilty" exists and is unexceptionable along with the wonderful Scottish verdict, "not proven" (which means that you probably did it but no one has actually proved it yet). If what I think is true, then the expression "Innocent until proven guilty" should be, "Guilty until proved guilty". It is also my understanding that proven is often used (incorrectly) as the past perfect of prove. "Proven", on the other hand, is an adjective, as in, "He had a proven record as a coach". It is my understanding the verb prove is conjugated prove, proved and has proved. One might ask, however, how else or in what other direction one might look at a future, bright or otherwise, and suggest that we forget about saying where the future lies and say what kind of a future it is: "He has a bright future in appliance sales (or whatever)." the word "forwards" has otherwise almost disappeared except for set phrases like "backwards and forwards," and "forward" is used most of the time as our directional adverb:"He leaned forward until he almost fell off the deck." For instance: "He could have moved left or right, but instead he moved forwards" or "The wheel can only move forwards." In the U.S. ![]() We always use "forward" (no "s") as an adjective: "he sat in the forward seat." As an adverb, we use the the "-s" ending, when there are other possibiities.
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